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In vivo experiments using non-targeted NMR found that the serum of the DVT group included ketone bodies, alanine, butyric acid, phenylalanine, amino acid metabolites, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolites 24

TUNEL and Golgi-staining was used to detect neural cell apoptosis and the density of dendritic spines in the mouse hippocampus

For example, chitosan-modified taxifolin liposomes, via the specific binding between the cationic properties of chitosan and anionic sites on the surface of renal endothelial cells, not only enhance drug absorption efficiency and bioavailability but also accurately target renal injury sites, reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetic mice, alleviate damage to the glomerular filtration barrier caused by lipid metabolism disorders, and thereby protect renal function [201]

doi:10.3390/ijms2304217 4

Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements assess the integrity of tight junctions higher TEER values show better barrier function