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Through activation of TrkB receptors, BDNF stimulates the MAPK/ERK, PI3K-AKT, and PLC cascades, thereby enhancing dendritic arborization, long-term potentiation (LTP), and learning and memory [8, 9, 41]

For MMUT to function properly, a third protein, MMAA, is required to protect MMUT against oxidative stress and to reactivate the enzyme [107]

Chem Res Toxicol [Internet]

Moreover, intranasal mucaoadhesive clobazam microemulsion showed enhanced brain uptake in a pentylenetetrazole-induced mouse model compared to intravenous clobazam, leading to a faster increase in seizure threshold [111]

RGC quantification images were taken on a Leica DM4 upright fluorescent microscope using StereoInvestigator (MicroBrightfield Biosciences) at 20 magnification with two peripheral and two central images from each retinal section across a total of six retinal sections (24 images) for four eyes from each group