glutathione s transferase protein S-transferase Mu 1 Figure 1 from Glutathione S-transferase

2018 Oct 9;115(41):E9570-E9579

Abbreviations ON: Optic neuritis NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NPs: Nanoparticles AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles OCT: Optical coherence tomography DEX: Dexamethasone-sodium phosphate HA: Hyaluronic acid LBPS: Lycium barbarum polysaccharides HCFs: Human corneal fibroblasts AMD: Age-related macular degeneration APS: Astragalus polysaccharides ARPE-19: Human retinal pigment epithelial cells ER: Endoplasmic reticulum DR: Diabetic retinopathy PGBL: Ginkgo biloba leaf-derived polysaccharides TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- DCPS: Dendrobium candidum polysaccharides HCEC: Human corneal epithelial cells SA: Sodium alginate AOS: Alginate oligosaccharides HCS: High molecular weight chitosan SLNs: Solid lipid nanoparticles NLCs: Nanostructured lipid carriers LDCs: Lipid-drug conjugates PLGA: Polylactic-co-glycolic acid PGA: Polyglycolic acid PEG: Polyethylene glycol RES: Reticuloendothelial system ASIV-LNCs: Astragaloside-IV loaded into lipid nanocapsules PAMAM: Polyamidoamine PLL: Poly(L-lysine) PEI: Polyethylenimine PPI: Poly (propylene imine) OIR: Oxygen-induced retinopathy TA: Triamcinolone acetonide D-TA: Dendrimer-conjugated TA SPIONs: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells DCIONs: Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles TGF-: Tumor growth factor- CsA: Cyclosporine A OSI: Ocular surface inflammation Th17: T helper cell 17 CMVR: Cytomegalovirus retinitis MBL: Mannose-binding lectin FFA: Fluorescein fundus angiography VEGF: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy RPE: Retinal pigment epithelium MS-ON: Multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis NMO-ON: Neuromyelitis optica-related optic neuritis AQP4-IgG: Antibodies against astrocyte water channel protein 4 SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus GMs: Graphene materials EFMs: Electrospun fibrous membranes ROS: Reactive oxygen species SOD: Superoxide dismutase CNTs: Carbon nanotubes FET: Field-effect transistor PCL-PEG-PCL: Polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone DFAB: Difluprednate ACs: Anterior chamber cells VRC: Voriconazole VE: Vitamin E PVP: Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PCL: Poly(-caprolactone) OFX: Ofloxacin COX: Cyclooxygenase CS: Chitosan HET-CAM: Hens egg test-chorioallantoic membrane FB: Flurbiprofen SA: Sodium arachidonate HENC: Human corneal endothelial cells HCC: Human cornea construct LX: Lornoxicam PBA: Phenylboronic acid INS: In-situ nanosuspension MS: Micellar solution MNFs: Nanomicellar formulations Oc-40: Octoxynol-40 NFAT: Nuclear factor of activated T cells CD4: Differentiation cluster 4 CD8: Differentiation cluster 8 TAC: Tacrolimus TGNPs: Tacrolimus gellan gum nanoparticles MSNAPTES: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane ERG: Electroretinography AKC: Atopic keratoconjunctivitis VKC: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis NCs: Nano-capsules EAU: Experimental autoimmune uveitis KO: Knockout EDE: Experimental dry eye Myr: Myricetin CUR: Curcumin OA: Oleanolic acid UA: Ursolic acid PLA2: Phospholipase A2 SM: Standard mixture SAS: SA solution SDF-1: Stromal-derived factor-1 THY: Thymol DG: Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate ETP: Etoposide TRAM2: Translocation-associated Membrane Protein 2 NPMOF: Nanoscale zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks MPS: Methylprednisolone PAM: Photoacoustic microscopy PT-OCT: Photothermal OCT CLs: Contact lenses TiO 2 NPs: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate SPOTS: Semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring LECs: Lens epithelial cells BRB: Blood-retinal barrier FA: Fluocinolone acetonide LE: Loteprednol etabonate BCEC: Bovine conjunctival epithelial cell BCoEC: Bovine corneal epithelial cells LPS: Lipopolysaccharide T-HCl: Terbinafine hydrochloride BSF: Besifloxacin hydrochloride PC: Phosphatidylcholine CH: Cholesterol SA: Stearylamine HA-LCS-NPs: Hyaluronic-acid-modified lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles MRT: Mean residence time AUC: Area under the curve P app : Apparent permeability coefficients FD-C: Franz diffusion cell PMNLs: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration NP-NLC-Gel: Hydrogel modified nanostructured lipid carrier RPCECs: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells CH-MEs: Chitosan-coated cationic microemulsions NIPAAM: N-isopropylacrylamide VP: Vinyl pyrrolidone MAA: Methacrylate P40S: Polyoxyl 40 stearate P80: Polysorbate 80 HA CS-NPs: Hyaluronic-acid chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticle Gamma CD: Gamma-cyclodextrin Dex-SA-FFFE: Dexamethasone-peptide conjugate HPMC: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HP--CD: Hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin F6: Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, span 60, and stearylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1:1:0.15 PBA-CS-VE: Phenylboronic acid conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide-vitamin E copolymer COL: Chitosan oligosaccharide lactate CTAB: Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide CNLC: Cationic nanostructured lipid carriers COS: Chitosan oli gosaccharides mPEG-b-PLGA: Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (D, L)-lactic-co-glycolic acid PVCL-PVA-PEG: Polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol GA: Gambogic acid Vit E TPGS: Vitamin E tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate Oc-40: Octoxynol-40 TA: Sodium taurocholate MBA: N, N-methylenebis-acrylamide TG: Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate MC: Methylcellulose ALG: Alginate References Huerva V, Ascaso FJ, Grzybowski A

While fatty acids are self-explanatory, glutathione may require a more in depth explanation: one of the main roles of glutathione in the body is to act as an antioxidant to protect against harmful oxidative stress

Nonabsorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy

"We don't yet have a solution because no one cared to map iron levels in the brain," said Mandal