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In some cases, black and tarry stools can be a sign of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract from conditions such as stomach ulcers, esophageal varices, abnormal blood vessels in the upper GI tract, gastritis, or cancer of the esophagus or stomach

Troriluzole shows promise in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 subgroup despite failing to achieve primary end point

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These findings may inform appropriate expectation setting for patients and clinicians and highlight the need for better methods of treatment selection for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Surgery caused adjacent segment disease A December 2025 study ( 20 ) explained that lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) works by indirectly providing decompression by restoring disc height

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