glutathione peroxidase and alcoholism (GPX) specific activity in the serum of control Glutathione, Alcohol and drugs -

Schreck, R., Meier, B., Mannel, D

A signaling view into the inflammatory tumor microenvironment

However, due to the biological barrier of cell membrane, most biomacromolecules cannot enter the cells and perform their biological effects 20

PMCID: PMC12307007

The researchers on this paper speculated that thymoquinone, or TQ, the primary active constituent of [BSO], may have been primarily responsible for the effect because TQ protects cells against oxidative damage induced by a variety of free radical-generating pathologies, and it also stimulates the production of acetylcholine, which causes the release of melanin and darkening of the skin through stimulation of cholinergic receptors