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Hasanpoor Z, Mostafaie A, Nikokar I, Hassan ZM

Ohnmeiss DD, Guyer RD, Blumenthal SL, Hochschuler SH: Analysis of Total Disc Replacement Outcomes When Applying MCID (Minimal Clinically Important Difference) Criteria

45 , 53A53A (1999)

Three different tests: Tendon outgrowth , how many cells grow out from a piece of tendon in the dish Wound healing assay , cells are grown as a monolayer, you make a scratch in it and observe how quickly it closes Cell survival , you add peroxide (oxidative stress, which normally kills cells) and observe how many survive What they found: Tenocytes grew faster and in a dose-dependent curve (the more BPC-157, the more growth) The scratch closed 1.8 faster at 1 g/ml BPC-157 Under oxidative stress, 22 % of cells survived without BPC-157, but 67 % with BPC-157 When they blocked the FAK enzyme, the effect disappeared mechanism confirmed Why it matters: This is not just a systemic effect via blood, BPC-157 directly modifies the biology of an individual cell

Data on systemic (injectable) administration in humans is far more limited, and GHK-Cu has not been approved for any medical use as an injectable drug