Selected references Pickart and colleagues 2018, review on regenerative and protective actions of GHK Cu in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences Pickart 2012, discussion of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mechanistic framing of GHK and copper complexes Simeon and colleagues 2000, dermatology work on wound related effects of the tripeptide copper complex Miller and colleagues 2006, clinical dermatology paper on topical copper tripeptide complex and facial skin endpoints
It may contribute to a more youthful physiological state, extending longevity and lowering the risk of age-related disorders, by perhaps slowing cellular senescence, or the aging of cells

Energy metabolism Helps convert food into energy Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Poor dietary intake (especially vegetarians/vegans) Pernicious Anemia Gastric surgery (loss of intrinsic factor) Malabsorption disorders Long-term use of some medications (e.g., metformin) Signs and Symptoms of Deficiency Fatigue and weakness Pale skin Shortness of breath Numbness or tingling in hands and feet Difficulty walking Memory problems or confusion Smooth, red tongue (glossitis) Complications Megaloblastic Anemia Peripheral Neuropathy Cognitive impairment if untreated Diagnosis Blood test for serum Vitamin B12 level Complete blood count (shows macrocytic anemia) Elevated homocysteine or methylmalonic acid Treatment Vitamin B12 supplements Vitamin B12 injections for severe deficiency or malabsorption Dietary improvement Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause both anemia and nerve damage, so early diagnosis and treatment are important

Abstract Nutrition may affect animal health due to the strong link between them
What is the quality of the evidencerandomized trials, observational studies, or anecdotal reports