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This reduction leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide ions

Biomaterials 35 , 54625471 (2014)

Kumar S et al

Additionally, synbiotics treatment restored gut microbiota diversity in CKD rats (Yang et al., 2021), indicating that synbiotics exert a renoprotective effect by improving gut indole load and gut microbiota dysbiosis

Additionally, funding agencies can also consider funding for degradation and toxicity studies that use high dimensional techniques such as siRNA seq, mass cytometry, and special transcriptomics to demonstrate single cell and tissue level toxicity of degradation products