tobacco mosaic virus rosalind franklin The legacy of E. Franklin: Landmark contributions to two Nobel Prizes: Chem PDB-101: Molecule of the Month:

Emerging research indicates that vaping aerosol exposure may: Irritate the nasal and upper airway mucosa , potentially triggering or worsening rhinitis symptoms Introduce flavouring compounds (such as diacetyl and cinnamaldehyde) that can provoke inflammatory responses Alter the nasal microbiome , which may influence immune responses and allergy susceptibility Generate ultrafine particulate matter capable of penetrating deep into respiratory tissues It is important to note that the long-term effects of passive vaping exposure on allergic rhinitis are still being studied

The trend prompted the World Health Organization to issue a statement in 2008 calling for more safety testing

Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press

There is nicotine in vapes

However, there was no detectable thioredoxin (TXN) mRNA in either tobacco-exposed or -nave MI rats