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cigars - fat, long & dark Cigarettes 1881 - James Bonsack patented cigarette-making machine Revolutionized tobacco industry From 300 cigarettes per hour by hand to 3 machines producing 200 cigarettes per minute Cigarette Smoking Nicotine in a cigarette about 7 mg Smoking delivers about 1-3 mg to the smoker about 0.7 ug/puff Technique of smoker can increase nicotine (time smoke is in lungs, rapid puffing) Pharmacology and Relationship to Smoking Smoking is quickest and most efficient way to get nicotine to the brain Reinforcing effects are strongest As nicotine blood levels fall, another puff is taken Smokers may typically take about 20 puffs/cigg Delivering in total about 13ug/kg Pharmacology Contd Half-life of nicotine is about 2 hours Metabolized mostly in the liver Mild withdrawal during overnight and tolerance from previous day partially dissipates Strong craving and best response in the morning (1st cigarette) Nicotine Pharmacology Dose-dependent action- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Agonist low doses Antagonist high doses Although a stimulant, it is often used to relax State-dependence

Ensure ventilation systems are operating correctly to prevent dangerous carbon monoxide buildup

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The Missing Piece: You found a gorgeous vintage bowl at an estate sale or on an auction site, but the stem is nowhere to be found