penn state e cigarette dependence index E-cigarette use to reduce smoking may not increase nicotine Development and initial validation of
Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports Screening NYC TCTTAC Nicotine induced conditioned place preferences in humans ScienceDirect E cigarettes less addictive than cigarettes Penn State University Penn State study: Vapers report less dependence, addiction than cigarette smokers WHYY
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