cigarette smoke mitochondrial depolarization lung epithelial cells Smoke-Induced Respiratory Response: Insights into Cellular Processes and Biomarkers Cigarette smoke activates the parthanatos
Cigarette smoke activates the parthanatos pathway of cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells Cell Death Discovery A chronic whole cigarette smoke extract model reveals redoxmitochondrial adaptation in human lung epithelial and organoid models Experimental & Molecular Medicine Full article: Bilirubin regulates cell death type by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke extract Cigarette smoke induced blockade of the mitochondrial respiratory chain switches lung epithelial cell apoptosis into necrosis American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology American Physiological Society Figure 10.4, Overview of immune defects caused by smoking in the lungs The Health Consequences of Smoking50 Years of Progress NCBI Bookshelf
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